Task 1
Reading Task 1 (questions 1-12).
Task 1
Questions 1-12
You are going to read an article in which people talk about the effect of technology on our lives.
For questions 1-12, choose one person from A-F.
Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Technology and the family
A Alan B Brian
“Well I think it’s a shame. Children don’t play “Machines help us with tasks that in the
with each other anymore like they did when I old days took up hours of hard work. Life at
was young. We were always outside, running home is better because of technology. And
around, playing football, climbing trees. All that means more room for things we like.
children do today is stay in their bedroom in Thanks to microwave ovens, there are no
front of a computer screen. It can’t be good stoves or pots or pans, and all that mess.
for their brains. And even when they do get Dishwashers wash all the dishes without
together socially, they don’t talk to each any bother at all. When my grandmother
other, they just play with their smartphones. was a young housewife, it took a whole
Young people nowadays don’t have any day to wash the family’s clothes, and even
social skills, and they can be so rude it’s longer to dry them.”
shocking. When I was a boy we looked up to
our elders. Today’s kids just ignore them.”
C Catherine D David
“Life has been transformed by technology “There are so many ways that technology
in many positive ways. Today’s busy helps with life. Washing machines,
families can keep in touch with each other dishwashers, vacuum cleaners have made a
wherever they are. Parents can check in world of difference. Mobile phones are great,
with their children, see where they are, and could mean the difference between
what they’re doing. Children can instantly life and death in emergencies. Home
reach their parents in an emergency. But I entertainment is so much better that families
sometimes wonder. Technology also keeps are more likely to spend time together. Sure
families apart, children on computers or there are problems. Kids in bedrooms all day
smartphones, mum and dad in front of instead of playing outside and getting exercise.
laptops. The family is physically together, Obesity is also a fast growing problem. And
but are they paying attention to each other? children don’t socialize like they used to,
Or just listening for a ping or a beep, a new they’re too busy with their smartphones. But
text message or missed call?” on the whole I think technology is good for us.”
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E Esther F Fiona
“Computers, smartphones, the internet, “I can’t imagine life without technology.
email... our lives have completely changed, Like TV, so much better now, with smart
and it’s all happened so quickly we’re still televisions connecting to the internet. And
in shock. It’s like we’ve got these super- YouTube is fantastic, you can watch or listen
advanced new toys and we don’t yet know to anything you like, whenever. And what
how to play with them. Families need to about computer games? I know they can
learn to control our use of technology, to make you crazy, but it’s great fun playing
understand that some things are more with someone on the other side of the world.
important, like good relationships. Otherwise Yes, cyberspace can be a risky place,
technology will continue to control us. But you never know who you’re talking to, and
we’ll get better at dealing with these new cyber-bullying is horrible. And yes, it can be
powers technology has given us, and when difficult for us grown-ups to control young
we do, the problems families are having now people. But we have to adapt to this new
will become a thing of the past.” ‘jungle’.”
Which person says...
0 the more we get used to it, the more technology will benefit us?
1 domestic life was more demanding before technology?
2 children no longer respect adults?
3 families must be more disciplined in how they A B C D E F
use technology?
0 X
4 life is more interesting because of technology?
1
5 they are not sure whether technology is good for
2
us or not?
3
6 technology is bad for health?
4
7 technology saves time?
5
8 that because of technology families communicate less?
6
9 technology provides families with more opportunities
to do things together? 7
10 we don’t understand technology yet? 8
11 there are more advantages than disadvantages 9
in technology? 10
12 young people may become an easy target when 11
using technology?
12
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Task 2
Reading Task 2 (questions 13-18).
Task 2
Questions 13-18
Read the text below.
For questions 13-18, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
Musical ability
When I was a boy in London in the 1970s, music was everywhere. We listened to the radio
from morning till night, and could recite the Top Ten chart of pop singles on any day of the week.
Our heroes were The Beatles, The Stones, The Kinks, Bob Dylan and many more. We knew the
lyrics by heart, and some of us learned to play instruments, unfortunately not including me.
It wasn’t for want of trying. I was incessantly plonking, picking, strumming and banging on the
various musical devices lying around at home. One brother played the guitar, another the piano
and my sister sang in a choir. All of these activities were extra-curricular and had to be paid for,
on top of school fees. When I asked my parents if I could take up an instrument, they wouldn’t
mention the money, or my poor school record. They would always quote Mrs Mallory, the school
music teacher: “That boy is tone deaf.”
Until I was a young adult I actually believed that I was tone deaf. In fact, I later found out,
such a disability is very rare, like deafness itself. It was a professor at university who explained
to me that the term was widely talked about by people who had no idea of its true meaning. A
passionate music teacher himself, he added that many music teachers, while good musicians,
attributed tone deafness to students’ laziness. And he also said that all sorts of notions, like the
fact that tone deafness was inheritable, were to be taken with a large pinch of salt.
Though I still doubted my music credentials, I was encouraged by the professor’s insights and
began to believe that I might be able to get music after all. The summer after my finals I went to
Spain, and a group of us went out for the night to a disco in Granada. The two sensations that
year were Billy Jean by Michael Jackson and Let’s Dance by David Bowie. I danced like I never
had before, and fell hopelessly in love with an American musician from El Paso. She told me I had
a natural sense of rhythm. I knew she was right, and that Mrs Mallory was wrong.
Many years later I found myself back in London, married but unemployed, and trying to
establish myself as a poet. One evening at a reading I met Brendan, a man who was greatly
respected in the poetry world, and who was also an Irish musician. I had a soft spot for Irish
music, how it made you dance, its haunting melodies, its passionate themes, but more than
anything because my parents were Irish. Brendan and I became friends and he said I should take
up the bodhrán, the Irish drum. London was full of bands without a drummer, he said, and you
could make a few pounds while having a good time. My wife was sceptical. But I bought a drum,
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and he gave me a couple of lessons and some recordings I could use to learn to play. And learn I
did.
Irish music is largely made up of jigs, reels and airs, and its simple tunes are listened to
wherever a pint of Irish beer can be found, and way beyond the shores of Ireland. That’s what
makes me so proud. The genre had been saved by those who had left Ireland for America during
and after the Great Hunger. The efforts of the American Irish not only preserved a dying tradition,
they also produced a sound which is recognisable throughout the modern world.
13 The writer didn’t learn to play an instrument when he was young because A.
B.
A his parents couldn’t afford it.
B he didn’t work hard enough at school. C.
C his parents didn’t think him musically gifted. D.
D he never bothered to do so.
14 The writer says that tone deafness A.
B.
A was used as an excuse by lazy music teachers.
B was misunderstood by the general public. C.
C was a condition that affected many people. D.
D was a condition inherited from parents.
15 The writer says that he discovered he was musical A.
B.
A while at university.
B when traveling abroad. C.
C because he fell in love with a musician. D.
D when he first went to a disco.
16 The writer says he liked Irish music mostly because A.
A of the tunes. B.
B it makes you dance. C.
C of his roots.
D.
D it’s passionate.
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17 The writer started to play the Irish drum A.
B.
A out of respect for his parents.
C.
B in order to make money.
C because a poet encouraged him. D.
D to please his wife.
18 Irish music became popular A.
B.
A because of its simplicity.
C.
B because of Irish beer.
C in response to the Great Hunger. D.
D by virtue of the Irish diaspora.
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Task 3
Reading Task 3 (questions 19-24).
Task 3
Questions 19-24
Read the text on the next page.
For questions 19-24, choose from the sentences A-H the one which best fits each gap.
There are two sentences that you do not need. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
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In an age of robots, schools are teaching our children to be redundant
In the future, if you want a job, you must be as unlike a machine as possible: creative, critical
and socially skilled. So why are children being taught to behave like machines? We succeed in
adulthood through collaboration. (0) _. Why are curriculums and tests so narrow that they
alienate any child whose mind does not work in a particular way?
There is, as Graham Brown-Martin explains in his book Learning {Re}imagined, a common
reason for these discrepancies. Our schools were designed to produce the workforce required
by 19th-century factories - workers who would sit silently at their benches all day, behaving
identically, to produce identical products. Collaboration and critical thinking were just what the
factory owners wished to discourage.
When they are allowed to apply their natural creativity and curiosity, children love learning.
They learn to walk, to talk, to eat and to play spontaneously, by watching and experimenting.
(19) _. We sit them down, force-feed them with useless facts and test the life out of them.
As far as relevance and utility are concerned, we might as well train children to operate
a spinning jenny, the textile machine. (20) _. We make them suffer this life-defying,
dehumanising system for nothing. The less relevant the system becomes, the harder the rules
must be enforced, and the greater the stress.
There is no single system for teaching children well, but the best ones have this in common:
they open up rich worlds that children can explore in their own ways, developing their interests
with help rather than indoctrination. (21) _. They use them to create projects, share material
with their teachers and each other, and can contact their teachers with questions about their
homework.
There are plenty of teaching programmes designed to work with children, not against them.
(22) _. Cutting across traditional subject boundaries, they manage a shipping warehouse,
excavate a tomb or rescue people from a disaster. A similar one, called Quest to Learn, is
based on the way children teach themselves to play games. To solve the complex tasks they’re
given, they need to acquire plenty of information and skills. They do it with the excitement and
enthusiasm of gamers.
The first multi-racial school in South Africa, Woodmead, developed a fully democratic method
of teaching, whose rules and discipline were overseen by a student council. (23) _. By such
integration of the content, learning is made authentic because it is rooted in the student’s natural
surroundings and totally relevant to their everyday life.
The tragedy for many European countries is that such programmes succeed not because of
their systems and governments, but despite them. (24) _. What they need is to change the
system, to equip children for the likely demands of the 21st century, rather than those of the 19th.
They need to engineer the children out of the factory and into the real world.
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A For example, the Essa academy in Bolton gives every pupil an iPad.
B Its programme got rid of traditional subjects in favour of the students’ explorations of themes,
such as gold, or relationships, or the ocean.
C One of them, the Mantle of the Expert in Italy, encourages them to form teams of inquiry,
solving an imaginary task.
D Is it surprising when children, bursting with energy and excitement, are confined to the spot like
battery chickens?
E Their skills are not only redundant but counter-productive.
F When they get to school, we suppress this instinct.
G The less autonomy they are granted in choice of the content and the teaching methods, the
more they are blamed for the failures of the system.
H Had they set out to ensure that children find learning difficult and painful, they could not have
done a better job.
I So why is collaboration in tests and exams called cheating?
A B C D E F G H I
0 X
19
20
21
22
23
24
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Task 4
Reading Task 4 (questions 25-32).
Task 4
Questions 25-32
Read the text below.
For questions 25-32, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.
Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
From impulse shopping to a multi-million business
Inspiration for an entrepreneur often comes when they look for something - a service or a
product they need - only to find it doesn’t (0) _ exist. In Sebastien Fabre’s case it was his wife’s
impulse shopping that provided the inspiration that (25) _ to a successful business.
Mr Fabre knew nothing about fashion, but he (26) _ that his wife had a lot of bags. And these
purchases weren’t just any old bags, but high-end designer ones. Yet, (27) _ having so many,
she used just one.
Together they decided to sell them, but even though there were many second-hand
marketplaces already in existence, they couldn’t find anywhere, where their credentials as a seller
(28) _ be trusted and the bags’ value recognised.
It sparked an idea. He established an online marketplace for second-hand designer bags,
shoes, accessories and clothing. And eight years later, sales are growing 85% a year, which is not
bad for someone who until he set up the business (29) _ in tech and knew absolutely nothing
about fashion.
Mr Fabre believes the firm’s focus on authenticating the products is helping it to stand (30) _.
The aim is also to make all the items and the website itself look like a designer (31) _ than a
used goods website.
The firm offers (32) _ prices for those who buy designer labels. So, it seems that luxury and
second hand can go together after all.
0 A.
A already
B. X
B yet C.
C still D.
D just
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25 A.
B.
A made
C.
B started
C led D.
D ended
26 A.
B.
A has known
C.
B had known
C does know D.
D did know
27 A.
B.
A despite
B in spite C.
C thus D.
D whereas
28 A.
B.
A may
C.
B should
C will D.
D would
29 A.
B.
A has worked
C.
B has been working
C had been working D.
D used to working
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30 A.
B.
A out
C.
B off
C up D.
D in
31 A.
B.
A earlier
B rather C.
C better D.
D further
32 A.
B.
A available
C.
B arbitrary
C approximate D.
D accessible
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Task 5
Reading Task 5 (questions 33-40).
Task 5
Questions 33-40
Read the text below.
For questions 33-40, write one word which best completes each sentence.
Write your answer on the lines below the text.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Souvenirs
Travellers always want to bring home something that will remind them (0) _ their trip. These
days many holidaymakers are (33) _ their souvenir shopping online, from the comfort of their
own homes sometimes even prior (34) _ or after they travel. This is mainly (35) _ to the
increase of online shopping and the availability of such items on the internet. There are many
good reasons to do this. (36) _ many people prefer to pick up gifts during the actual trip, online
shopping is a great idea for those who don’t want to get to the airport loaded with bags, because
your order will be delivered to your door. Instead of walking through shop after shop, trying to find
the right gift (37) _ the right price, and remembering everyone you have to buy for, you can
order through the internet. It conveniently allows you to (38) _ the most of your time on holiday
and sort the presents out when it suits you best.
Also, once your trip has (39) _ to an end, you may realize that you have forgotten to buy a
present for someone. In the unfortunate event that you may (40) _ lost or broken a souvenir that
was very dear to you, you can purchase the same item on the internet in order to replace it.
0 of
33 _
34 _
35 _
36 _
37 _
38 _
39 _
40 _
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