Task 1
Reading Task 1 (questions 1-12).
Task 1
Questions 1-12
You are going to read an article in which people talk about their work experiences.
For questions 1-12, choose one person from A-F.
Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Work experiences
A Amelia B Ben
“As a personal shopper, I had to plan the “Chocolates are always in demand, and
shopping schedule for the client, find suitable unlike the ones I used to make in the
deals and stick to the budget. It felt quite factory, I decided I could make better ones
awkward at the time, because such things at home. I was fed up with commuting
are personal. For instance, they asked me every day, therefore I felt comfortable
to help them find the perfect gift for an event working from home from the very
they had to attend, or get them a particular beginning. But, to make sure I did a good
dress or shirt in a pre-decided colour and job, I attended a small course where I
size. I made sure I was presentable, too, learned new techniques from an expert.
and for that I had to borrow from my parents. Now I am very proud of my success,
It turned out to be a successful job for a especially since the factory where I had
dropout architecture student.” worked turned out to be a failure as soon
as I left.”
C Candice D David
“My elder sister knew I was creative, so she “The first step was to get informed about
came up with an idea for me to decorate herb gardening. I started by reading books
houses to host parties and small events. on the topic, joining herb-growing clubs,
I’m grateful for that. The only equipment I and obtaining information online. It seemed
needed was my creativity and imagination. it would be easy to start the business,
I worked throughout the year for all kinds although eventually I spent a lot of time
of celebrations: birthdays, anniversaries, learning how to devise a plan, outlining
baby showers, and all kinds of parties. And the types of herbs I would grow and how
it paid off! My parents supported me and to promote myself. The plan wasn’t very
even refused to take back the money I had sophisticated. I didn’t think it was going to
borrowed for some course tuition. That was be as costly as it was. That’s why I owe a
their investment, they said.” lot to my friend who was willing to invest.”
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E Edward F Finley
“Custom branded T-shirts are becoming “I have always loved animals and
more popular these days so I started a volunteered at the local animal shelter
T-shirt printing business, trying to prove after my friend had to quit because of his
my father was wrong about my business allergies. We started planning our trip to
skills. It seemed to be easy at first because Europe so I needed money and pet-sitting
the tools and technology for designing and seemed a fun home business for me. I
printing, which I had to purchase, made the could stay in the house or visit several times
process extremely simple. The difficult part a day to check the animals. Along with
was building a brand to stand out from the feeding animals, I had to walk the dogs and
competition. Being quite naive and eager to spend time with the pets, playing with them.
make money quickly, I’m struggling to pay Unfortunately, there were too many clients
my debts now. If only I’d thought twice.” so I had to turn down some of them, and
deciding which one was tough. My sister is
into animals, too, so she sometimes helps
me out.”
Which person...
0 got a job instead of his friend?
1 at first felt uncomfortable during their job?
A B C D E F
2 found it quite easy to change their work routine?
0 X
3 followed the advice of a professional? 1
4 says they depended on help from a partner? 2
5 abandoned their career plan? 3
6 had to make difficult choices? 4
5
7 started working for free?
6
8 quit their job?
7
9 earned enough to return their debts?
8
10 needed special equipment? 9
11 spent more money than they intended? 10
12 wishes they had not chosen that line of work? 11
12
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Task 2
Reading Task 2 (questions 13-18).
Task 2
Questions 13-18
Read the text below.
For questions 13-18, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
Robot Future
Robin Hanson, one of the authors who writes about the future, thinks the robot takeover,
when it comes, will be in the form of emulations. This means you take, for example, the best and
brightest 200 human beings on the planet, you scan and copy their brains to get robots that to all
intents and purposes are indivisible from the humans on which they are based, except a thousand
times faster and better. These robots called Ems, being superior at everything and having no
material needs that couldn’t be satisfied virtually, will undercut humans in the labour market, and
make us totally unnecessary. We will all effectively be retired.
When Hanson presents his forecast in public, one question always comes up: what’s to stop
the Ems killing us off? “Well, why would they?” he responds. The Ems, being modelled on us, will
share some combination of gratitude, empathy and affection for humans. These robots will be
much more than just the crude hardware and brutal machines so beloved of Hollywood.
Opinion on the precise shape of the robot future remains divided: some argue that artificial
intelligence robots will be the first to achieve world domination. This future offers less hope than
Hanson’s – lacking empathy, those robots wouldn’t have a sentimental affection for us as their
creators. But this future is essentially the same as it predicts the rise of the useless class: humans
who are confused about what to study because they have no idea what skills will be needed by
the time they finish, who can’t work because there’s always a cheaper and better robot, and who
spend their time doing nothing much and staring at screens.
Hanson argues that artificial intelligence is moving too slowly. However, to make Ems possible,
only three technologies need to coincide: faster and cheaper computers, which the world has
in hand; brain scanning, which is being worked on by a much smaller but active biological
community; and the modelling of the human mind, which, he admits, in contrast to artificial
intelligence, is hard to predict.
But all the predictions lead to the same place: the disappearance of human labour. Even if a
robot takeover is some ways away, this idea has already become high-priority in specific sectors.
Driverless cars are forecast to make up 75% of all traffic by 2040, leading not just to thousands of
unemployed drivers, but also to the transformation of all of the infrastructure around the job, from
training to petrol stations.
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The critical question is: in a workless world, how do we distribute resources? It is a question
articulated precisely by Stephen Hawking, when he noted: “Everyone can enjoy a life of serious
leisure if the machine-produced wealth is shared, or most people can end up miserably poor if the
machine owners successfully lobby against wealth redistribution.”
13 Robin Hanson thinks that the robot takeover will A.
B.
A come soon.
B require 200 robots. C.
C depend on imitating. D.
D expand the labour market.
14 The Ems will not kill us because A.
B.
A they won’t need to.
B they will be capable of feeling for us. C.
C they will want to share with us. D.
D they will not be sophisticated enough.
15 According to the author A.
B.
A in the future robots will rule the world.
B humans are predicted to lack empathy. C.
C only particular skills will be required. D.
D humans will have too much time on their hands.
16 Hansen says A.
A the development of Ems does not depend on artificial intelligence. B.
B artificial intelligence is comprised of three technologies. C.
C the development of Ems depends largely on brain scanning.
D.
D artificial intelligence is hard to predict.
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17 It is predicted that the robot future will cause A.
B.
A a world without work.
C.
B 75% unemployment among drivers.
C the destruction of petrol stations. D.
D a resistance to the automation of everything.
18 If we lived in a world without labour, A.
B.
A wealth would be distributed fairly.
C.
B we would all be miserably poorer.
C we would all be able to live a life of leisure. D.
D the distribution of wealth would determine the benefits.
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Task 3
Reading Task 3 (questions 19-24).
Task 3
Questions 19-24
Read the text below.
For questions 19-24, choose from the sentences A-H the one which best fits each gap.
There are two sentences that you do not need. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
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Why Yoga?
by Sheila Parsons
In this hectic and fast-paced world, with technology driving us forward, it has become
necessary for many people to seek and practise an activity which releases the pressures of
modern life, something which can give them relaxation and peace of mind. From the minute we
wake up to when we fall into bed exhausted at the end of the day, we seem to have to run faster
and faster just to stay where we are. (0) _. And when our usual hobbies like television and
sports do not give us the kind of mental and spiritual relief we are looking for, we are forced to turn
to traditional and holistic techniques of relaxation. (19) _.
At first, most people in the west looked at practices like meditation and yoga with a lot of
scepticism. And although these methods have been around for thousands of years, many
scientists refuse to credit them with being worthwhile. (20) _. These days, classes in yoga,
crystal healing, Reiki and transcendental meditation are very popular in the western world, in large
part thanks to their great healing powers. These methods do not use medicines, nor do they come
with harmful side effects. A person using one of them has only to understand the method, accept
it, follow it, and practise it with passion.
One such technique is yoga, which cleanses the body and the mind. Yoga offers practical
step by step methods which do not ask you to ignore your intelligence and emotions, or to accept
doctrines on blind faith. (21) _.
Yoga is a philosophical system through which the human soul (or mind) consciously
communicates with the Supreme Being. The word ‘yoga’ comes from the Sanskrit word ‘yug’
which means union. (22) _. And, during yoga, a person can disengage with the material world
and all its pleasures and pressures, and can connect with the happiness and peace found in the
inner world of mind and spirit.
Many people think that yoga is only about the physical exercises, or asanas, and breathing
techniques. (23) _. Although the asanas have gained immense popularity in the last few
decades, they are only the outer parts of what is a profound science of self-awakening. Not
everyone is competent to practise yoga. It is not enough to have pure thoughts and do good
deeds. You must also have knowledge, detachment, intellect, reason and meditation skills.
There are many different types of yoga but they all lead to the same goal. Specialised
branches of yoga concentrate on one aspect of self-realisation. (24) _. Mantra yoga is the
repetition of chants and sacred texts which help to centre the consciousness in the body. And
kundalini yoga focuses on breathing to cleanse the body and soul.
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A However, in recent years, people have progressed a lot in accepting many traditional and
oriental techniques for physical and spiritual healing.
B Thus, by practising yoga, a person is said to join with the Supreme Being.
C Eastern therapies are too often misunderstood in the west, where making a profit seems to be
the main priority.
D And yoga’s low-impact stretching and breathing is perfect for the less young among us.
E Such techniques are quickly catching up on the fast-moving masses.
F But yoga is about more than just the body, and these people grossly misunderstand its true
power.
G In fact, yoga requires you to apply your intelligence in understanding its techniques and accept
its teachings.
H For example, hatha yoga focuses on postures to purify the body, give better control over the
body’s organs, and provide the necessary strength and stamina for meditation.
I Escaping this mechanical frenzy and moving into a stress-free world has become the
goal of more and more people.
A B C D E F G H I
0 X
19
20
21
22
23
24
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Task 4
Reading Task 4 (questions 25-32).
Task 4
Questions 25-32
Read the text below.
For questions 25-32, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.
Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Green Cabbie Huts
Green Cabbie Huts provide refreshments for London cab drivers. (0) _ small shelters are
dotted around London’s streets, many of which are open to the public for takeaway sales. London
cabs (25) _ licensed since 1639. By 1860 there were already 4,600 cabs in the streets.
(26) _ out in all types of weather, poor conditions endangered the health of cab drivers
in Victorian times. At that time, the cab-driver’s vehicle was a horse-drawn carriage. He was
expected to ‘sit on the box’ (27) _ rain, snow, cold and wind waiting for a fare and the only
place of comfort was a pub. Since it was illegal to leave the horses unattended, most cabbies
(28) _ have a lad employed for this purpose, as well as for carrying cases.
In January 1875, a certain Captain Armstrong, sent his manservant (29) _ into a raging
blizzard to engage a taxi to take him to Fleet Street. The manservant eventually returned a full
hour later and soaked to the skin. The captain asked him why he (30) _ out so long. He said
that although there were cabs on the local rank, all the cabmen were drunk and in no (31) _ to
take him to Fleet Street.
Captain Armstrong decided to do something about this and came (32) _ with the idea of
dedicated shelters for cabbies’ use close to the cab stands.
The first shelters were opened in 1875 providing ‘good and wholesome refreshments at
moderate prices’.
0 A. X
B.
A These
B Those C.
C Few D.
D Many
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25 A.
B.
A have been
C.
B are
C were D.
D had been
26 A.
B.
A Been
B Being C.
C To have been D.
D To be
27 A.
B.
A while
B under C.
C on D.
D in
28 A.
B.
A will
C.
B would
C should D.
D must
29 A.
B.
A up
C.
B out
C away D.
D back
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30 A.
B.
A has been
C.
B had been
C were D.
D was
31 A.
B.
A condition
C.
B way
C case D.
D means
32 A.
B.
A up
C.
B on
C along D.
D forward
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Task 5
Reading Task 5 (questions 33-40).
Task 5
Questions 33-40
Read the text below.
For questions 33-40, write one word which best completes each sentence.
Write your answer on the lines below the text.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Wedding traditions
Have you ever wondered where wedding traditions (0) _ from? Probably not, so here are
some facts about them.
It turns (33) _ that engagement and wedding rings are worn on the fourth finger of the left
hand because it was once thought that a vein in that finger led directly to the heart.
(34) _ is Queen Victoria who is credited with starting the white wedding dress trend in
1840 – before then, brides simply wore their best dress.
The tradition of matching maids dates back to Roman times. Bridesmaids were required to
dress exactly like the bride in (35) _ to confuse the evil spirits. Similarly, brides traditionally
wear veils because ancient Greeks and Romans believed they protected them (36) _ evil
spirits. Also, (37) _ the same reason, the groom carries the bride across the threshold.
Something old represents continuity; something new offers optimism for the future; something
borrowed symbolizes borrowed happiness; something blue (38) _ for purity, love, and fidelity.
Ancient Norse bridal couples went into hiding after the wedding, and a family member
(39) _ bring them a cup of honey wine for 30 days, or one moon, (40) _ is how the term
“honeymoon” originated.
Saturday is the unluckiest wedding day, according to English folklore. Funny – it’s the most
popular day of the week to marry!
0 came
33 _
34 _
35 _
36 _
37 _
38 _
39 _
40 _
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